법적별거(legal separation) 사유와 그 효력
I. 법적별거 사유
Art. 55. A petition for legal separation may be filed on any of the following grounds:
(1) Repeated physical violence or grossly abusive conduct directed against the petitioner, a common child, or a child of the petitioner; 배우자나 가족을 반복적으로 구타, 성적 폭행
(2) Physical violence or moral pressure to compel the petitioner to change religious or political affiliation; 종교나 정치적인 이유로 탄압
(3) Attempt of respondent to corrupt or induce the petitioner, a common child, or a child of the petitioner, to engage in prostitution, or connivance in such corruption or inducement; 배우자나 자녀들에게 매춘 등을 강요
(4) Final judgment sentencing the respondent to imprisonment of more than six years, even if pardoned; 6년 이상의 징역형이 확정된 경우
(5) Drug addiction or habitual alcoholism of the respondent; 마약, 알콜 중독
(6) Lesbianism or homosexuality of the respondent; 동성애
(7) Contracting by the respondent of a subsequent bigamous marriage, whether in the Philippines or abroad; 중혼, 복혼을 하는 경우
(8) Sexual infidelity or perversion(annulment 사유가 아님); 외도 또는 변태 성욕
(9) Attempt by the respondent against the life of the petitioner; 생명의 위협or
(10) Abandonment of petitioner by respondent without justifiable cause for more than one year. 1년 이상 연락두절 및 방치
For purposes of this Article, the term "child" shall include a child by nature or by adoption. (9a)
Art. 56. The petition for legal separation shall be denied on any of the following grounds: 다음의 경우에는 별거가 불허된다.
(1) Where the aggrieved party has condoned the offense or act complained of; 상대방 배우자가 용서한 경우
(2) Where the aggrieved party has consented to the commission of the offense or act complained of; 상대방 행위에 사전 동의한 경우
(3) Where there is connivance between the parties in the commission of the offense or act constituting the ground for legal separation; 행위에 대해 묵인한 경우
(4) Where both parties have given ground for legal separation; 쌍방 배우자 모두 별거사유를 제공한 경우
(5) Where there is collusion between the parties to obtain decree of legal separation; 쌍방 배우자공모하여 신청하는 경우; 이를 조사하기 위한 검사(prosecutor)가 지정된다. or
(6) Where the action is barred by prescription. (100a) 소멸시효/제척기간이 도과한 경우
Art. 57. An action for legal separation shall be filed within five years from the time of the occurrence of the cause. (102) 별거신청은 사유발생일로부터 5년 이내에 제출하여야 한다.
II.법적별거의 효력
Art. 61. After the filing of the petition (before decree of legal separation, MO) for legal separation, the spouses shall be entitled to live separately from each other.
The court, in the absence of a written agreement between the spouses, shall designate either of them or a third person to administer the absolute community or conjugal partnership property. The administrator appointed by the court shall have the same powers and duties as those of a guardian under the Rules of Court. (104a) 일단 별거신청만 있어도 재산관리인이 지정되고 그 관리인이 재판 확정때까지 부부공동재산을 한시적으로 관리한다.
Art. 62. During the pendency of the action for legal separation, the provisions of Article 49 shall likewise apply to the support of the spouses and the custody and support of the common children. (105a) 재판 계속 중 자녀는 자신의 선택에 따라 어느 한 부모에 의해 양육되며 타 배우자는 접견권을 가진다.
Art. 63. The decree of legal separation shall have the following effects:별거명령의 효력
(1) The spouses shall be entitled to live separately from each other, but the marriage bonds shall not be severed; 부부는 별거할 수 있으나 배우자 관계는 유지된다.
(2) The absolute community or the conjugal partnership shall be dissolved and liquidated but the offending spouse shall have no right to any share of the net profits earned by the absolute community or the conjugal partnership, which shall be forfeited in accordance with the provisions of Article 43(2). 부부의 재산은 양분된다. 그러나 귀책(offending) 배우자의 재산 중 결혼 중에 공동재산을 이용해 얻은 이익은 일단 자녀 몫으로 된다. 결국 양육권을 갖는 상대방 배우자가 관리하게 된다.(mo);
(3) The custody of the minor children shall be awarded to the innocent spouse, subject to the provisions of Article 213 of this Code; 원칙적으로 무책(innocent) 배우자가 양육권을 갖는다. and
(4) The offending spouse shall be disqualified from inheriting from the innocent spouse by intestate succession. Moreover, provisions in favor of the offending spouse made in the will of the innocent spouse shall be revoked by operation of law. (106a) 귀책배우자는 무책 배우자의 재산을 상속받거나 사인증여받지 못한다.
MRPI(2015/09/06)
